Variables | Level | First difference | ||
IPS test | CADF test | IPS test | CADF test | |
CRED | 0.265 [0.604] | 2.010 [0.978] | −13.622* [0.000] | −1.949* [0.026] |
M2 | 0.798 [0.787] | 0.077 [0.531] | −15.750* [0.000] | −2.004* [0.023] |
REM | 1.414 [0.921] | −0.772 [0.220] | −15.689* [0.000] | −2.847* [0.002] |
GDP | 2.352 [0.990] | 2.223 [0.987] | −12.470* [0.000] | −4.953* [0.000] |
INF | −11.954* [0.000] | 1.266 [0.897] | −18.550* [0.000] | −2.396* [0.008] |
FDI | −2.301* [0.010] | −0.310 [0.378] | −18.572* [0.000] | −1.995* [0.023] |