Variables

Level

First difference

IPS test

CADF test

IPS test

CADF test

CRED

0.265 [0.604]

2.010 [0.978]

−13.622* [0.000]

−1.949* [0.026]

M2

0.798 [0.787]

0.077 [0.531]

−15.750* [0.000]

−2.004* [0.023]

REM

1.414 [0.921]

−0.772 [0.220]

−15.689* [0.000]

−2.847* [0.002]

GDP

2.352 [0.990]

2.223 [0.987]

−12.470* [0.000]

−4.953* [0.000]

INF

−11.954* [0.000]

1.266 [0.897]

−18.550* [0.000]

−2.396* [0.008]

FDI

−2.301* [0.010]

−0.310 [0.378]

−18.572* [0.000]

−1.995* [0.023]