| Topic | Purpose | Study design, Participants | |
| Understanding of different cultures | Development of cultural competency at clinical placement in a developing country (Ulvund et al., 2017) [14] | Qualitative descriptive study, individual interviews 18 Norwegian nursing students | |
| International cultural immersion course in Guatemala, cultural competence (Larson et al., 2010) [15] | Qualitative descriptive study, 7 nursing students’ interview by the open-ended questions, and reflective journals of all 13 American nursing students | ||
| Fostering workplace cultural awareness through short-term global experiences (Smith-Miller et al., 2010) [16] | Qualitative study, reflection papers 15 American nursing students | ||
| The immersion experience in partnership with IUB, Bangladesh (Maltby et al., 2009) [17] | Qualitative study, a descriptive phenomenological design, a reflective journal 17 American nursing students | ||
| The development of health counseling skill and cultural awareness in 15 institutes and/or universities, Taiwan, Macau, Chinese mainland and Hong Kong (Lee et al., 2007) [18] | Qualitative & Quantitative study, Questionnaires∙ group interviews, 64 nursing students in Taiwan, Macau, Chinese mainland and Hong Kong | ||
| Improving expertise in nursing | |||
| Sustaining social consciousness with nursing students following international learning experiences (Reimer et al., 2009) [19] | Qualitative study, reports 17 Canadian nursing students | ||
| Awareness of the international community | |||
| The personal and professional meaning of participating in international clinical nursing electives (Callister et al., 2006) [20] | Qualitative study, phenomenological analysis, Audiotaped interview, 15 American nursing students and 5 participants who had Master’s degrees |