Key modes of microorganism transmission

Doctors

(n = 21)

Nurse (n = 16)

Nursing assistants

(n = 18)

Medical students

(n = 54)

Nursing students

(n = 10)

Healthcare workers’ hands in poor hygiene environment

10

23

0

35

5

Circulating air

0

1

0

2

1

Exposure to

contaminated surfaces

1

8

0

10

2

Use of non-invasive medical

devices for multiple patients

0

1

0

7

2