Health issues due to salinity, both human and livestock, and arsenic (also creating social problems) | Desalination and arsenic removal techniques |
Scarcity of grazing lands for livestock | Supply concentrated livestock feed |
Various infectious livestock diseases (including zoonotic) | Introducing new technology livestock production |
Inadequate infrastructure (accessibility/market accessibility) | - Developing market infrastructure and communication technologies and local marketing information access |
Absence of skilled labor, marketing, selling points, (cold) storage facilities and processing industries | - Regional development (corridors) - Development of marketing strategy/policy |
Insufficient research in possible variety in crops or livestock | - Establishment of specific research center - Facilitate training |
Change in land use pattern: (illegal) shrimp culture, other crop production and unplanned urbanization | - Improve land use zoning inside polders and adapt in-polder infrastructure to regulate planned aquaculture-rice combinations, also not detrimental to existing rice cultivation - Construction of polders within polders for shrimp cultures |
Pollution by industrial effluent, waste generating from urban areas & agricultural activities | - Planned urbanization and industrialization, including solid waste management and wastewater treatment plants (WTP) and safeguard wetlands - Eco-friendly agriculture (bio-fertilizer/bio-pesticides) |
Deforestation, forest degradation and over-exploitation from the Sundarbans | - Pollution monitoring and improvement of enforcement and clean technology development - Afforestation and plantation in the Sundarbans - Awareness campaign to reduce over-exploitation in Sundarbans |
Sea level rise and temperature rise affects Sundarbans | |
Lack of quality fingerlings | - Development of environment friendly and certified prawn hatcheries - Recover/increase vegetation coverage by promoting agro-forestry techniques and highly productive multi-purpose forestry |
Illegal hunting and poaching | Alternative income generating activities, with strong local involvement and innovation |
Lack of law enforcement | Law enforcement, with strong local involvement and awareness raising |
Lack of management | - Research, Capacity building and alignment - Establishment or strengthening of Water Management Federations, Associations and Groups |