Health issues due to salinity, both human and livestock, and arsenic (also creating social problems)

Desalination and arsenic removal techniques

Scarcity of grazing lands for livestock

Supply concentrated livestock feed

Various infectious livestock diseases (including zoonotic)

Introducing new technology livestock production

Inadequate infrastructure (accessibility/market accessibility)

- Developing market infrastructure and communication technologies and local marketing information access

Absence of skilled labor, marketing, selling points, (cold) storage facilities and processing industries

- Regional development (corridors)

- Development of marketing strategy/policy

Insufficient research in possible variety in crops or livestock

- Establishment of specific research center

- Facilitate training

Change in land use pattern: (illegal) shrimp culture, other crop production and unplanned urbanization

- Improve land use zoning inside polders and adapt in-polder infrastructure to regulate planned aquaculture-rice combinations, also not detrimental to existing rice cultivation

- Construction of polders within polders for shrimp cultures

Pollution by industrial effluent, waste generating from urban areas & agricultural activities

- Planned urbanization and industrialization, including solid waste management and wastewater treatment plants (WTP) and safeguard wetlands

- Eco-friendly agriculture (bio-fertilizer/bio-pesticides)

Deforestation, forest degradation and over-exploitation from the Sundarbans

- Pollution monitoring and improvement of enforcement and clean technology development

- Afforestation and plantation in the Sundarbans

- Awareness campaign to reduce over-exploitation in Sundarbans

Sea level rise and temperature rise affects Sundarbans

Lack of quality fingerlings

- Development of environment friendly and certified prawn hatcheries

- Recover/increase vegetation coverage by promoting agro-forestry techniques and highly productive multi-purpose forestry

Illegal hunting and poaching

Alternative income generating activities, with strong local involvement and innovation

Lack of law enforcement

Law enforcement, with strong local involvement and awareness raising

Lack of management

- Research, Capacity building and alignment

- Establishment or strengthening of Water Management Federations, Associations and Groups