Behavioral Interventions

Reich et al.‎‎ [119]

Randomized, controlled trial

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)

BC patients (n = 322),

35.7% of which have received chemotherapy + radiotherapy

- Immediately following a six-week MBSR program, no significant change was observed in cognitive performance compared with usual care, as measured by the Everyday Cognition scale (ECog)

Dobos et al.‎‎ [120]

Prospective single-arm

cohort study

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)

Cancer patients (n = 117), of which 65% were diagnosed with BC and 48.72% had received chemotherapy.

- Immediately following an eleven-week MBSR program, significant improvement was observed in the cognitive subset of the European organization for research and treatment of cancer quality of life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30). (p = 0.001)

- Results were sustained at the three-month follow up period (p = 0.001)

Fernandes et al.‎ [122]

Systematic review of 19 studies (12 randomized controlled trials, 3 non-randomized controlled trials, 4 single arm studies).

Cognitive rehabilitation

Patients with various solid and hematological malignancies; 11 studies recruited only BC patients; BC was the most common diagnosis across all studies.

The vast majority of BC patients had received prior chemotherapy.

- All included studies found significant improvement in at least one cognitive domain following a cognitive rehabilitation intervention, either objectively-assessed or self-reported.

- Objective improvement in memory was the most frequently reported finding.

Oberste et al.‎ [124]

Single-blinded randomized controlled trial ***

High Intensity Interval Endurance Training (HIIT)

BC patients (n = 59) currently undergoing first-line chemotherapy, concurrently with a HIIT program or a placebo program (myofascial release training)

- Change in cognitive performance from baseline to the end of the HIIT intervention will be assessed using the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, Controlled Oral Word Association Test and the Trail-Making-Test