|
| Before using smartphones | After starting to use smartphones | P value | ||
Time spent using smartphones before sleeping | <30 min | 117 | (45.0) | 52 | (20.0) | <0.001 |
30 min - 1 hr | 78 | (30.0) | 95 | (36.5) |
| |
1 - 2 hrs | 35 | (13.5) | 76 | (29.2) |
| |
2 - 4 hrs | 11 | (4.2) | 31 | (11.9) |
| |
5 hrs | 2 | (0.8) | 4 | (1.5) |
| |
missing | 17 | (6.5) | 2 | (0.8) |
| |
Bedtime | before 22 o’clock | 8 | (3.1) | 2 | (0.8) | <0.001 |
22 - 24 o’clock | 139 | (53.5) | 70 | (26.9) |
| |
24 - 2 o’clock | 106 | (40.8) | 174 | (66.9) |
| |
after 2 o’clock | 2 | (0.8) | 14 | (5.4) |
| |
missing | 5 | (1.9) | 0 | (0.0) |
| |
Sleeping hours | <5 hrs | 14 | (5.4) | 32 | (12.3) | <0.001 |
5 - 6 hrs | 89 | (34.2) | 127 | (48.8) |
| |
6 - 7 hrs | 108 | (41.5) | 86 | (33.1) |
| |
7 - 8 hrs | 40 | (15.4) | 13 | (5.0) |
| |
>8 hrs | 3 | (1.2) | 1 | (0.4) |
| |
missing | 6 | (2.3) | 1 | (0.4) |
| |
Feeling of sufficient sleep | yes | 127 | (48.8) | 82 | (31.5) | <0.001 |
no | 56 | (21.5) | 98 | (37.7) |
| |
neither | 68 | (26.2) | 75 | (28.8) |
| |
missing | 9 | (3.5) | 5 | (1.9) |
| |
Refreshing feeling after waking up | yes | 86 | (33.1) | 57 | (21.9) | 0.008 |
no | 97 | (37.3) | 126 | (48.5) |
| |
neither | 65 | (25.0) | 68 | (26.2) |
| |
missing | 12 | (4.6) | 9 | (3.5) |
| |
Wake-up time on a weekday | 5 - 6 o’clock | 22 | (8.5) | 24 | (9.2) | 0.031 |
6 - 7 o’clock | 172 | (66.2) | 142 | (54.6) |
| |
7 - 8 o’clock | 57 | (21.9) | 85 | (32.7) |
| |
after 8 o’clock | 4 | (1.5) | 6 | (2.3) |
| |
missing | 5 | (1.9) | 3 | (1.2) |
| |
Wake-up time on a holiday | 5 - 7 o’clock | 9 | (3.5) | 12 | (4.6) | ns |
7 - 9 o’clock | 114 | (43.8) | 108 | (41.5) |
| |
9 - 11 o’clock | 109 | (41.9) | 112 | (43.1) |
| |
after 11 o’clock | 23 | (8.8) | 25 | (9.6) |
| |
missing | 5 | (1.9) | 3 | (1.2) |
|