Independent variable	PCS		MCS
Independent variable	β	p	β	p
Age	−0.206	<0.001	0.036	0.526
Gender^a	−0.005	0.909	0.006	0.907
Household structure^b	−0.039	0.384	−0.043	0.415
Economic affluence^c	0.094	0.032	0.152	0.003
Job with income^d	−0.046	0.306	0.081	0.120
Years of residence	−0.002	0.973	−0.072	0.190
Education level^e	0.020	0.666	−0.056	0.305
Religion^d	−0.046	0.292	−0.033	0.524
Disease free^d	−0.001	0.981	0.019	0.727
High blood pressure^d	−0.011	0.822	−0.030	0.586
Diabetes^d	−0.015	0.722	0.011	0.832
Hyperlipidemia^d	−0.056	0.204	−0.040	0.439
Heart disease^d	−0.139	0.001	−0.088	0.076
Stroke^d	−0.019	0.659	0.081	0.103
Cancer^d	−0.043	0.324	−0.104	0.041
Gastrointestinal disease^d	−0.096	0.031	−0.057	0.270
Osteoarthritis^d	−0.180	<0.001	0.020	0.698
Lower back pain^d	−0.188	<0.001	−0.073	0.164
Knee pain^d	−0.209	<0.001	0.083	0.125
Headache^d	−0.053	0.221	−0.139	0.006
Difficulty seeing^d	−0.075	0.087	−0.040	0.429
Difficulty hearing^d	−0.044	0.321	0.006	0.901
Other disease^d	−0.015	0.729	−0.051	0.321
Eligible for long-term care^d	−0.145	0.001	−0.001	0.985
SP (Meaning and purpose of living)	0.165	0.007	0.136	0.058
SP (Self-transcendence)	0.047	0.436	−0.148	0.037
SP (Accord with others)	−0.064	0.277	−0.040	0.562
SP (Spiritual support)	0.030	0.622	0.111	0.113
SP (Harmony with nature)	0.020	0.745	−0.015	0.839
SP (Attitudes toward death and dying)	−0.029	0.546	−0.069	0.213
LSNS-6 (Family)	−0.028	0.636	0.048	0.484
LSNS-6 (Friends)	0.078	0.177	0.093	0.166
R² (Adjusted R²)	0.390	(0.336)	0.167	(0.094)