Level | Difference | ||||||
Variables | Types of tests | With constant | With constant and trend | Without trend and constant | With constant | With constant and trend | Without trend and constant |
DS | ADF | −4.007*** (0.0001) | −4.592*** (0.0011) | −1.328 | −4.316*** (0.0000) | −4.287*** (0.0033) | −4.316*** |
PP | −2.023 (0.2767) | −2.347 (0.4080) | −0.519 | −4.062*** (0.0011) | −4.035*** (0.0078) | −4.066*** | |
KPSS | 0.532*** | 0.115*** | 0.033*** | 0.0326*** | |||
PP | ADF | −2.071** (0.0210) | −2.158 (0.5138) | −0.612 | −3.219*** (0.0010) | −3.337* (0.0603) | −3.215*** |
PP | −1.489 (0.5390) | −0.242 (0.9908) | −0.048 | −3.164** (0.0221) | −3.260* (0.0730) | −3.159*** | |
KPSS | 1.21 | 0.303 | 0.317*** | 0.104*** | |||
Int | ADF | −3.415*** (0.0005) | −4.789*** (0.0005) | −1.921* | −4.192*** (0.0000) | −4.165*** (0.0051) | −4.210*** |
PP | −2.128 (0.2333) | −2.372 (0.3947) | −1.618* | 3.971*** (0.0016) | −3.949** (0.0104) | −3.985*** | |
KPSS | 1.14 | 0.115*** | 0.0488*** | 0.0275*** | |||
Teer | ADF | −2.304*** (0.0121) | −2.705 (0.2341) | −0.019 | −3.082 (0.0015) | −3.059 (0.1163) | −3.098*** |
PP | −1.010 (0.7495) | −1.286 (0.8914) | 0.053 | −3.036* (0.0317) | −3.013 (0.1285) | −3.051*** | |
KPSS | 0.924 | 0.304 | 0.132*** | 0.134*** |