Level

Difference

Variables

Types of tests

With constant

With constant and trend

Without trend and constant

With constant

With constant and trend

Without trend and constant

DS

ADF

−4.007***

(0.0001)

−4.592***

(0.0011)

−1.328

−4.316***

(0.0000)

−4.287***

(0.0033)

−4.316***

PP

−2.023

(0.2767)

−2.347

(0.4080)

−0.519

−4.062***

(0.0011)

−4.035***

(0.0078)

−4.066***

KPSS

0.532***

0.115***

0.033***

0.0326***

PP

ADF

−2.071**

(0.0210)

−2.158

(0.5138)

−0.612

−3.219***

(0.0010)

−3.337*

(0.0603)

−3.215***

PP

−1.489

(0.5390)

−0.242

(0.9908)

−0.048

−3.164**

(0.0221)

−3.260*

(0.0730)

−3.159***

KPSS

1.21

0.303

0.317***

0.104***

Int

ADF

−3.415***

(0.0005)

−4.789***

(0.0005)

−1.921*

−4.192***

(0.0000)

−4.165***

(0.0051)

−4.210***

PP

−2.128

(0.2333)

−2.372

(0.3947)

−1.618*

3.971***

(0.0016)

−3.949**

(0.0104)

−3.985***

KPSS

1.14

0.115***

0.0488***

0.0275***

Teer

ADF

−2.304***

(0.0121)

−2.705

(0.2341)

−0.019

−3.082

(0.0015)

−3.059

(0.1163)

−3.098***

PP

−1.010

(0.7495)

−1.286

(0.8914)

0.053

−3.036*

(0.0317)

−3.013

(0.1285)

−3.051***

KPSS

0.924

0.304

0.132***

0.134***