Level

Difference

Variables

Types of tests

With constant

With constant and trend

Without trend and constant

With constant

With constant and trend

Without trend and constant

DS

ADF

−2.520*** (0.0070)

0.2321

(0.2321)

−1.891*

−3.365***

(0.0006)

−3.500**

(0.0394)

−3.306***

PP

−2.350 (0.1563)

−1.252 (0.8992)

−2.441**

−3.291**

(0.0153)

−3.400*

(0.0514)

−3.235***

KPSS

1.23

0.299

0.303***

0.0557***

PP

ADF

−2.071*

(0.0210)

−2.158

(0.5138)

−0.612

−3.219***

(0.0010)

−3.337*

(0.0603)

−3.215***

PP

−1.489

(0.5390)

−0.242

(0.9908)

−0.048

−3.164**

(0.0221)

−3.260*

(0.0730)

−3.159***

KPSS

1.21

0.303

0.317***

0.104***

Int

ADF

−2.806***

(0.0032)

−2.372

(0.3945)

−2.423**

−3.264***

(0.0008)

−3.799**

(0.0166)

−3.151***

PP

−1.719

(0.4214)

−0.175

(0.9920)

−1.976**

−3.163**

(0.0222

−3.539**

(0.0354)

−3.076***

KPSS

1.35

0.389

0.348***

0.0678***

Teer

ADF

−1.431*

(0.0784)

−4.113*** (0.0060)

0.650

−3.880***

(0.0001)

−3.837**

(0.0148)

−3.791***

PP

−0.485

(0.8949)

−2.424

(0.3667)

1.317

−3.717***

(0.0039)

−3.679**

(0.0238)

−3.652***

KPSS

1.79

0.116***

0.0851***

0.0783***