Model

Tertiary

Secondary

Primary

Tertiary × Health

Secondary × Health

Primary × Health

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

(11)

(12)

Lagged GDP per capita

0.6612***

0.6345***

0.7163***

0.6681***

0.8066***

0.7856***

0.6751***

0.6476***

0.7095***

0.6633***

0.8070***

0.7868***

(0.0559)

(0.0411)

(0.0629)

(0.0672)

(0.0280)

(0.0350)

(0.0567)

(0.0465)

(0.0652)

(0.0682)

(0.0286)

(0.0359)

Inflation

0.0010***

0.0011***

0.0006

0.0005

−0.0002

−0.0003

0.0010**

0.0011**

0.0005

0.0005

−0.0003

−0.0003

(0.0004)

(0.0004)

(0.0007)

(0.0007)

(0.0004)

(0.0004)

(0.0004)

(0.0004)

(0.0007)

(0.0007)

(0.0004)

(0.0004)

Population growth

−0.0161

−0.0128

−0.0277*

−0.0278*

−0.0269*

−0.0247*

−0.0184

−0.0121

−0.0287*

−0.0284*

−0.0269*

−0.0241*

(0.0144)

(0.0149)

(0.0148)

(0.0151)

(0.0148)

(0.0137)

(0.0161)

(0.0140)

(0.0151)

(0.0153)

(0.0147)

(0.0134)

FDI inflows

0.0021

0.0007

−0.0262***

−0.0289***

−0.0125*

−0.0140**

0.0031

0.0039

−0.0274***

−0.0300***

−0.0127*

−0.0149**

(0.0076)

(0.0072)

(0.0084)

(0.0082)

(0.0067)

(0.0068)

(0.0074)

(0.0072)

(0.0090)

(0.0087)

(0.0070)

(0.0074)

Private domestic investment

0.1163***

0.1208***

0.1059***

0.0991***

0.1045***

0.0986***

0.1174***

0.1137***

0.1058***

0.0996***

0.1040***

0.0975***

(0.0299)

(0.0309)

(0.0403)

(0.0383)

(0.0308)

(0.0293)

(0.0294)

(0.0297)

(0.0404)

(0.0385)

(0.0306)

(0.0292)

Openness

−0.0877

−0.0855

−0.2235

−0.2456*

−0.0996

−0.1143

−0.0919

−0.1013*

−0.2179

−0.2399*

−0.0994

−0.1137

(0.0595)

(0.0698)

(0.1374)

(0.1370)

(0.0938)

(0.0976)

(0.0579)

(0.0584)

(0.1391)

(0.1386)

(0.0939)

(0.0981)

Health expenditure

−0.0459

−0.0735

0.0352

0.0521

−0.0213

−0.0197

−0.0128

−0.0957

−0.2873

−0.1556

−0.4044

−0.7416

(0.0779)

(0.0713)

(0.1179)

(0.1182)

(0.0875)

(0.0845)

(0.1346)

(0.0913)

(0.5348)

(0.3880)

(1.1093)

(0.9357)

Tertiary enrolment, male

0.1076**

0.1384

(0.0430)

(0.1306)

Tertiary enrolment, female

0.1201***

0.0809

(0.0396)

(0.0897)

Secondary enrolment, male

0.3545**

0.1944

(0.1503)

(0.2704)

Secondary enrolment, female

0.3927***

0.2816

(0.1364)

(0.2220)

Primary enrolment, male

0.2180*

0.0897

(0.1246)

(0.4274)

Primary enrolment, female

0.2646**

0.0095

(0.1123)

(0.3788)

Tertiary × Health, male

−0.0261

(0.0799)

Tertiary × Health, Female

−0.0058

(0.0491)

Secondary × Health, male

0.0975

(0.1585)

Secondary × Health, female

0.0665

(0.1212)

Primary × Health, male

0.0822