Gravity problems

Loss of supply; that water does not reach some areas due to drop in pressure and causes insufficient water quantity.

3

2

6

M

Li: site visits, consumers complain,

C: due to gravity many areas are getting little or no water.

ECM: No

3

2

6

M

Construction activities

Blockages of pipeline with construction debris, breakages of pipeline allowing entry of contamination.

3

2

6

M

Li: site visits, customers complaint

C: loss of supply

ECM: No

3

6

M

4) Consumers

Unhygienic practice during collection

Introduction of microbial pathogen into water (M)

3

3

9

H

Li: visual inspection during consumers survey (drop of foreign materials into water), water analysis (presence of coliforms in water

C: bacterial contamination affects the public health

ECM: No

3

3

9

H

Collection vessels designed for dipping

Introduction of microbial pathogens from dipping hands (M)

3

3

9

H

Li: consumers questionnaire, site visits, water analysis results (presence of staphylococcus)

C: public health concern

ECM: No

3

3

9

H

Lack of disinfecting storage tanks regularly

Allow algae growth and other microorganisms

(M)

3

3

9

H

Li: sanitary inspection visits, consumers survey showed low level of home treatment practices and water analysis showed bacterial growth in tanks (Corynebacteria Specie, Bacillus Albus)

C: not disinfecting storage tanks allows the growth of pathogens, thus effects on public health.

ECM: No

3

3

9

H

Using dipper with short or no handle to collect water

Possible contamination from dirty hands being immersed into water(M)

3

3

9

H

L: visual inspection during site visits, water quality results (presence of Staphylococcus albus in water)

C: public health

ECM: No

3

3

9

H

Storage, and collection points accessible to children

Possible microbiological contamination by children introducing foreign materials into water (M).

3

3

9

H

L: consumers survey, visual inspection, water quality results (showed Escherichia coli in stored water)

C: public health concern

ECM: No

3

3

9

H