Contact tank

High sludge in Contact tank, contamination of treated supply (P, CH, M)

3

3

9

H

Li: visual inspection, interview and water quality analysis (increased in concentration of some water parameters).

C: supply of contaminated water

ECM: No

3

3

9

H

Underground reservoir

High sludge in underground reservoir, contamination of treated supply (P, CH, M)

3

3

9

H

Li: visual inspection, interview, water quality analysis (increased in concentration of some water parameters).

C: supply of contaminated water

ECM: No

3

3

9

H

Pumping station

Leakages at Pumping station

3

2

6

M

Li: visual inspection

C: damage to pumping materials from corrosion

ECM: No

3

2

6

M

Laboratory

Services

Substandard laboratory

3

3

9

H

Li: discussion with plant operators, visual inspection

C: loss of quality control

ECM: ICRC NGO is currently facilitating it.

E: No (full analysis has not yet started)

3

2

6

M

Power

Constant generator failure

3

3

9

H

Li: personal experience, staff’s experience

C: loss of supply, treatment failure

ECM: standby generator provided by government, transformer with 33 KV by ICRC

E: yes (constant power observed)

1

3

3

Lo

Communication with consumer

Lack of communication between plant management and consumers

3

2

6

M

Li: consumers survey

C: communication is essential in effective water supply, such as communication when there is leakage, outbreak, pipe burst, etc

ECM: No

3

2

6

M

3) Distribution

Illegal connections

Loss of supply, drop in pressure

3

2

6

M

Li: site visits during consumers survey, consumers complaints review

C: illegal connection affects water quantity by reducing pressure

ECM: special task force assigned to cut-off any

E: No (such connection observed and politics, sentiments involved)

3

2

6

M

Leakages

Loss of water quantity, ingress of contamination (P, CH, M)

3

3

9

H

Li: visual inspection during site visit

C: leakages allow contamination to enter pipe, reduces water demand, pressure and requires urgent attention

ECM: repairs by staff immediately

E: No; (so many leakages observed in site visits

3

3

9

H

Pipe bursting

Loss of supply, water disaster

1

3

3

Lo

Li: it rarely happens; from plant operators

C: it requires urgent attention

ECM: action is taken immediately to control it

E: Yes; history of pipe burst is minimal with no serious destruction

1

2

2

Lo

Pipes passing through drainage system

Corrosion, Ingress of contamination from pipe perforations (P, CH, M)

3

3

9

H

Li: visual inspection of sites, water quality results: high turbidity(12.8NTU) and presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in collected water)

C: public health concern.

ECM: No

3

3

9

H

Intermittent supply

Insufficient water quantity, ingress of contamination from pipe perforations.

3

3

9

H

Li: consumers survey

C: water quality analysis shows bacterial contamination from storing water which is a threat to health

ECM: No

3

3

9

H