role modeling

coaching

articulation

exploration

learning environment

Students (n = 275)

3.62 ± 0.52

3.50 ± 0.61

3.38 ± 0.64

3.42 ± 0.66

3.87 ± 0.38

Clinical supervisors (n = 50)

3.23 ± 0.52

3.39 ± 0.49

3.11 ± 0.60

3.18 ± 0.58

3.67 ± 0.44

p-value t test

<0.0001

0.1527

0.0039

0.0105

0.0031