| No. | Study/Article | Participants | Methodology | Results |
| 1 | Chen et al. [32] Year: 2014 Country: United States Type of study: Cross-sectional Quantitative Study | Participants: HIV+ immigrants Number: 50 Male: 50 Mean age: 48.86 years SD: 9.35 | Data collection tools: Questionnaires Sampling methods: Convenience sampling Place: Community-based | Determinants ・ Social support network |
| 2 | Wortley et al. [33] Year: 2000 Country: United States Type of study: Cross-sectional Study | Participants: HIV persons Number: 4928 adults, 46 children Male: 4386 Female: 588 Age:13 to 45+ | Data collection tools: Questionnaire Sampling methods: Stratified sampling Place: Community-based | Prevalence ・ 12.8% Determinants ・ Sex and gender Risk factors ・ Heterosexual contact ・ Injection drug use ・ Men sex men |
| 3 | Kang et al. [34] Year: 2006 Country: United States Type of study: Cross-sectional Study | Participants: HIV + patients Number: 44 Male:38 Age: 31 - 60 years Mean Age: 44, SD: 7.94 Female: 5 Age: 36 - 67 years Mean age: 45, SD: 12.82 Transgender: 1 Age: 47years | Data Collection Tools: Semi structured Interview Sampling methods: Non-random Convenience sample Place: Community-based | Determinants ・ Social support network
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| 4 | Lee and Rotheram?Borus, [35] Year: 2009 Country: United States Type of study: Cohort study | Participants: High school students Number: 13,233 Male: Not reported Female: Not reported Age: Below 14 to 18 or older | Data collection tools: Questionnaires, observation Sampling methods: Simple random sampling and cluster sampling Place: School-based | Risk factors ・ Lifetime substance abuse Determinants (risk behaviour) ・ Social support network (parents communication) |
| 5 | Van Gemert et al. [36] Year: 2014 Country: Vanuatu Type of study: Cross-sectional study | Participant: Female sex workers Number: About 250 Female: About 250 Age: ≥18 years | Data collection tools: Laboratory test, Questionnaire Sampling methods: Snowball sampling Place: Community-based | Determinants ・ Sex and gender ・ Work environment ・ Age Risk factors ・ Number of sexual partners ・ Group sex |
| 6 | Adih et al. [37] Year: 2011 Country: United States Type of study: Retrospective study | Participants: Adolescents and adults diagnosed with HIV Number: 2870 Female: 617 Male: 2253 Age:13 years and older | Data collection: Questionnaire Sampling methods: Purposive sampling Place: Community-based | Prevalence ・ 1% Determinants ・ Sex and gender ・ Ethnicity ・ Age Risk factors ・ Male sex male ・ Heterosexual contact |
| 7 | Zaidi et al. [38] Year: 2005 Country: United States Type of study: Descriptive study | Participants: adults, adolescents and children with HIV/AIDS Number: Not reported Female: Not reported Male: Not reported Age: <13 and 65+ years | Data collection: Questionnaire Sampling methods: Random sampling Place: Community-based | Determinants ・ Sex and gender ・ Ethnicity Risk factors ・ Same sex sexual activity ・ Heterosexual contact |