No.

Study/Article

Participants

Methodology

Results

1

Chen et al. [32]

Year: 2014

Country: United States

Type of study: Cross-sectional Quantitative Study

Participants: HIV+ immigrants

Number: 50

Male: 50

Mean age: 48.86 years

SD: 9.35

Data collection tools: Questionnaires

Sampling methods: Convenience sampling

Place: Community-based

Determinants

・ Social support network

2

Wortley et al. [33]

Year: 2000

Country: United States

Type of study: Cross-sectional Study

Participants: HIV persons

Number: 4928 adults, 46 children

Male: 4386

Female: 588

Age:13 to 45+

Data collection tools: Questionnaire

Sampling methods: Stratified sampling

Place: Community-based

Prevalence

・ 12.8%

Determinants

・ Sex and gender

Risk factors

・ Heterosexual contact

・ Injection drug use

・ Men sex men

3

Kang et al. [34]

Year: 2006

Country: United States

Type of study: Cross-sectional

Study

Participants: HIV + patients

Number: 44

Male:38

Age: 31 - 60 years

Mean Age: 44, SD: 7.94

Female: 5

Age: 36 - 67 years

Mean age: 45, SD: 12.82

Transgender: 1

Age: 47years

Data Collection Tools: Semi structured Interview

Sampling methods: Non-random Convenience sample

Place: Community-based

Determinants

・ Social support network

4

Lee and Rotheram?Borus, [35]

Year: 2009

Country: United States

Type of study: Cohort study

Participants: High school students

Number: 13,233

Male: Not reported

Female: Not reported

Age: Below 14 to 18 or older

Data collection tools: Questionnaires, observation

Sampling methods: Simple random

sampling and cluster sampling

Place: School-based

Risk factors

・ Lifetime substance abuse

Determinants (risk behaviour)

・ Social support network (parents communication)

5

Van Gemert et al. [36]

Year: 2014

Country: Vanuatu

Type of study: Cross-sectional study

Participant: Female sex workers

Number: About 250

Female: About 250

Age: ≥18 years

Data collection tools: Laboratory test, Questionnaire

Sampling methods: Snowball sampling

Place: Community-based

Determinants

・ Sex and gender

・ Work environment

・ Age

Risk factors

・ Number of sexual partners

・ Group sex

6

Adih et al. [37]

Year: 2011

Country: United States

Type of study: Retrospective study

Participants: Adolescents and adults diagnosed with HIV

Number: 2870

Female: 617

Male: 2253

Age:13 years and older

Data collection: Questionnaire

Sampling methods: Purposive sampling

Place: Community-based

Prevalence

・ 1%

Determinants

・ Sex and gender

・ Ethnicity

・ Age

Risk factors

・ Male sex male

・ Heterosexual contact

7

Zaidi et al. [38]

Year: 2005

Country: United States

Type of study: Descriptive study

Participants: adults, adolescents and children with HIV/AIDS

Number: Not reported

Female: Not reported

Male: Not reported

Age: <13 and 65+ years

Data collection: Questionnaire

Sampling methods: Random sampling

Place: Community-based

Determinants

・ Sex and gender

・ Ethnicity

Risk factors

・ Same sex sexual activity

・ Heterosexual contact