Cost Factors	Absent of tax relief and incentive soft loan system for tourism entrepreneurs and startups. Lack of venture capital provision. Unscientific random pricing system of tourism product and services. High rate of inflation Minimum benefits (wages) for tourism industry labor force that lead hampering sustainability and high rate of labor turnover. High cost of Basic tourism Infrastructures because of geographical situation. Unaware towards implementation of e-tourism distribution which lead monetary and time cost for customers (tourists). Expensive all means of tourist transportation. Countries-wise dual model of pricing policy (tickets, royalties) imposition for tourists which lead cost discrimination. Costing with VAT and addition in service charges on tourists dining Menu.
Knowledge Factors	Inadequate Research and Development Culture among public and corporate sectors. Unawareness of tourism innovation concept and unwillingness of application of available tourism innovation (tourism stakeholders). Lack of high skilled human power and insufficient training and skilled development opportunities. insufficiency of Tourism and hospitality higher education institutions9Academic and vocational). Ignorance of triple helix co-relation towards tourism industries integrated knowledge generation (government, corporate and academia Collab). Lack of information of innovative technology available for TSMEs. (tourism small and medium size enterprises) Maximum dependency on foreign expert and INGO’s to conduct mountaineering and adventurous tourism research. Lack of willingness towards tourism knowledge transferand deficits of infrastructural mechanism for knowledge -transferring. Main Strems universities negligible efforts on creating tourism research and publication. Absence of advance and Nepalese tourism environment contextual tourism curricular of limited existed tourisms academy and research centers. Public and private sectors ignorance towards tourism products value create, value add, and value retention.
Market Factors	Unhealthy competition among tourism corporate sectors. Failure to build diversify Nepalese signature tourism BRAND. Relaying on traditional marketing and promotional practice. Weak provision towards community participation tourism market. Weakening quality products and service to compete international tourism market standard. High level of dependency on seasonal tourism. Lack of efforts taken from private sectors of alternative product, brand, market, innovation and digitalization… Inadequate knowledge towards regional and peripheral competitor’s tourism products and services. Maximum exploitation of existing tourism resources, unawareness of developing new tourism product line (far-western, midwestern and far-eastern region totally neglected).
Market Factors	Rigidness to build of adventurous niche destination, products and services for emerging tourism market. Ignorance towards advancements of DMO’s and NTO’s website as an effective marketing tool. Private sectors failures to make alliance and co-operation with international travel giant OTA, TMC, DMC and ride-hailing service providers. Inadequate promotional and sales mission carried out by NTB and tourism corporate sectors associations. Inadequate market segmentation, digitalize promotion, and cross-border tourism market cooperation.
Intuitional Factors	Authority ownership illusion between national, provincial and local. Layers of Government’s. Weak of implementation of Tourism policies and strategic plans. Reoccurrence of corruption allegation cases especially GoN’s high level aviation leadership and authorities. Lack of unified solidarity between main stream political parties and influential intuitions towards tourism long term development plans. Unnecessary taxation and royalty’s imposition by layers of government. Dysfunctionality of high level tourism council. Lack of speedy co-ordinations between Tourism ministry (MoCTCA) and other responsive ministries. Traditional immigration clearance rules and visa issuance systems. Co-ordination and egoistic problems between major private sector tourism organizations. Weak management and fund mobilization for reconstruction of collapsed monuments from earthquake 2015. Unfavorable taxation policies and procedures upon tourism sectors. Vague federal governments tourism initialization and management.
Policy Factors	Unnecessary lengthy and complicated rules for Tourism FDI. (limited tourism sectors opened for foreign nationals) Controlled FDI on tourism industry limited on hotel and casino business. Major deadlock towards periodic evaluation and investigation of strategic plan & policies. Ignorance of gender gap issues among major tourism policies, directives, acts and rules. Lack of coherence between changing market need and distribution channel while draft policies. Insufficient mobilizing strategies towards overseas diplomatic missions for tourism promotion. Very weak aviation security standard and policies implementation mechanisms that lead to frequent crashes. Limited and restricted night hour tourism business policies. Outdated tourism policies for innovativeness and changing world tourism ecosystems Contradicting and overlapping relation towards tourism ministry’s and sub-ordinate government institutions tourism policies. Policy gap to deal Unnecessary political party wise labor organizations with in tourism sectors.
Other Factors	Ignorance of tourism sustainability approach. Lack of tourism satellite accounts. weak tourism infrastructures. Major deficit of advanced aviation service and international airports. Insufficiency of National Flag carrier aircrafts, limited air route (zero long-haul) and international easy access for national flag carrier (NA). Insufficient relief and rescue mechanism in risk and disasters. Insufficient tourist police and security arrangements for international tourists. Ignorance the role of Nepalese diaspora to promote Nepalese tourism. Relaying on cash-based transactions, lack of infrastructures for digital payments for international tourists (especially based on Chinese tourists respond) Lack of integrated tourist information center (traditional as well as digital) Inadequate evaluation and monitoring mechanism, policies and rules only beautifully articulate on the paper. Over politicization towards major tourism development committees and tourism development trust. Lack of initiatives to attract high value tourists segment.