| Authors | Country | Circumstance of intoxication | |
| Accidental (%) | Voluntary (%) | ||
| Kaishusha et al. | D.R. Congo | 85 | 15 |
| Diallo et al. [9] | Mali | 72 | 28 |
| Benkirane (2009) [12] | Morocco | 73.6 | 26.4 |
| Lebel (2007) [13] | Québec | 70.6 | 15.6 |
| MacLeod (2007) [14] | Australia | 78 | 11 |