| Types of variables | Index | Symbol | Describe |
| Dependent variable | NPD performance | NPD | Output of new product/gross output |
| Microscopic independent variables | R&D investment of enterprise | RD | R&D expenditure of enterprise/major business income |
| regional R&D investment | area_rd | Regional R&D expenditure/GDP | |
| R&D investment in R&D institutions | lab_rd | All institutions R&D expenditure/GDP | |
| R&D investment in all enterprises | firm_rd | All enterprises R&D expenditure/GDP | |
| R&D investment in universities | college_rd | All universities R&D expenditure/GDP | |
| R&D investment in human resource | wage_rd | R&D expenditure in human resources/GDP | |
| R&D investment in material resource | inf_rd | R&D expenditure in material resources/GDP | |
| Control variables | salary and welfare income per capita | wage | The logarithmic form of per capita wage and welfare |
| education costs per capita | edu | The logarithm of the education cost per person | |
| government subsidy | subsidy | 0 is no subsidy, 1 is subsidized | |
| enterprise scale | size | The logarithmic form of total assets | |
| enterprise ownership | ownership | 0 is the private enterprise, 1 is the public−owned enterprise |