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| Definition | Justification |
| 1 | Creation of new combinations of existing resources | Schumpeter recognized the importance of innovation in the 1930s |
| 2 | Implementation of a new or significantly improved product (good/service) or process (method/practice/relationship) | International guidelines for proposed definition |
| 3 | Innovation is the creation and implementation of new processes, products, services and methods of delivery which result in significant improvements in outcomes, efficiency, effectiveness or quality | A widening of the definition |
| 4 | The successful exploitation of new ideas or ones that are adopted from other sectors or organizations’ | The UK government’s definition of innovation |
| 5 | Creation and application of good ideas | Australian National Audit Office (ANAO) definition |
| 6 | A continuous and dynamic process in which ideas are transformed into value | This definition includes value as a part of innovation |
| 7 | The successful introduction of new services, products, processes, business models and ways of working | The Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) includes business models and ways of working in the definition |
| 8 | The development (generation) and/or use (adaption) of new ideas or behaviors | This definition includes behaviors as well as ideas |
| 9 | The introduction of new elements into a service―new knowledge, new organization, new management/skills | This definition focuses on the new within a service |
| 10 | Innovations are in a significant way new and disruptive towards the routines and structures prevailing | This definition views innovation as affecting the external environment |
| 11 | Innovation is the process by which new ideas turn into practical value in the world | This definition focuses on the practical application of ideas |