Different stages of the test

Nature panel

Specification

Hypothesis

Stat. Fisher

P-value

$H_0{}^1:{\text{α}}_i=\text{α}$ Math_11##Math_12#

F₁ = 9.7817

P₁ = 6.251e−18

Partially homogeneous

$Y_{it}={\text{α}}_i+X_{it}\text{β}+{\text{ε}}_{it}$

Effect model

individual

$H_0{}^2:{\text{β}}_i=\text{β}$

F₂ = 3.3276

P₂ = 0.0863

$H_0{}^3:{\text{α}}_i=\text{α}$

F₃ = 26.1039

P₃ = 4.214e−18