| FBM | A binary number of one if a firm’s board of directors meets at least four times in a financial year, and zero otherwise. |
| R&D/Sales | Natural logarithm of the ratio of R&D expenditure to total sales |
| SG | The ratio of current year’s sales minus previous year’s sales, all divided by previous year’s sales |
| FS | Natural logarithm of the book value of total assets |
| AC | Total number of Audit Committee |
| CGC | Total number of CG Committee |
| LVG | The ratio of total debt to total assets |
| CGY | The rise in the stock price divided by the original price of the security |
| SMC | The market value of the shares outstanding |
| CORR IDX | The misuse of public power for private benefit |
| INF | The rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising |
| GDPC | Gross domestic product (GDP) divided by number of people in the country |
| POP | People living in a country |
| POWD | The degree to which the less powerful members of a society accept and expect that power is distributed unequally |
| ANGL | A dummy variable for Anglo American countries (1), Continental countries (0) |
| CON | A dummy variable for each country: UK (DU UK), US (DU US) |
| Y | A dummy variable for each year of the ten years from 2010-2014, 2010 (DU 10), 2014 (DU14) |