At level

At First Difference

Variables

Intercept

p-value

Trend and Intercept

p-value

Intercept

p-value

Trend and Intercept

p-value

LNGDP

−1.3223

0.5747

−1.1901

0.8531

−2.9238

0.0804*

−6.1120

0.0078***

LNIET

−1.6982

0.4028

−1.9824

0.5412

−3.2209

0.0528*

−3.3357

0.1253

LNCT

−6.0859

0.0009***

−4.2987

0.0346**

−4.8605

0.0057***

−3.6728

0.0926*

LNFDI

−2.9686

0.0720*

−2.6496

0.2724

−3.8207

0.0227**

−3.8449

0.0683*