Dependent variable

Independent

Variables

(6)

t-statistic of

theestimated Additionality ratio

(7)

t-statistic of

theestimated Additionality ratio

(8)

t-statistic of

theestimated Additionality ratio

(9)

t-statistic of

theestimated Additionality ratio

(10)

t-statistic of

theestimated Additionality ratio

Constant

3.2623***

(1.1744)

0.7175

(1.3236)

3.7662

(2.9066)

1.8937

(3.6035)

3.1045

(3.7466)

TD: Type of data

1.7307**

(0.6943)

1.1660*

(1.6682)

1.5690*

(0.7677)

5.5154***

(1.7627)

5.9203***

(1.7925)

DSEST: Data structure and estimation methods

4.2464***

(0.8395)

5.3790***

(0.8761)

3.6090***

(1.0803)

3.0697***

(1.14263)

1.8953

(1.14330)

USNOUS: US or not US country

0.8169

(0.7306)

3.2760***

(0.9328)

1.8061*

(0.9963)

6.1904**

(2.911)

5.6568*

(2.8915)

TAUX: Rate of tax credit

25.441***

(6.2685)

14.2701**

(7.1469)

34.8228***

(10.7275)

43.2132***

(11.3344)

TDY: Includes time dummy

−0.002506

(0.6732)

−1.5662**

(0.7821)

−1.6259**

(0.8209)

−1.7201*

(0.8760)

−0.3354

(0.8632)

NAUT: Number of authors

−0.5949

(0.6292)

−3.2245***

(1.2400)

−7.4583***

(1.3125)

−5.8906***

(1.2000)

IDUM: Industry dummy

−0.4097

(0.5918)

0.1086

(0.5932)

1.0746

(0.7161)

2.7597***

(0.7465)

−1.3676*

(0.6957)

HTD: High-tech subsamples firms

2.4148***

(0.5998)

2.2838***

(0.5889)

2.1143***

(0.6162)

0.4036

(0.7517)

0.7013

(0.7509)

SME: SME-dummy

0.9682

(0.8768)

1.2652

(0.8865)

1.6455*

(0.9411)

2.9233***

(0.9686)

2.1165*

(1.0922)

LF: Large firms dummy

1.5988**

(0.6807)

1.2772*

(0.6743)

1.1856*

(0.6678)

0.8868

(0.6429)

1.0762*

(0.6534)

HM: Highmarketcomp.-Dummy

1.7559**

(0.7711)

3.5379***

(0.8710)

−0.8866

(1.4318)

−4.7104**

(1.9299)

−3.0440

(1.8837)

MS: Market

size dummy

−2.0361***

(0.6214)

−2.9848***

(0.6960)

−1.6254*

(0.8405)

−0.9566

(0.8547)

−1.0523

(0.8781)

LABOUR: Tax price of Labour related to RD

8.3306***

(2.4023)

20.2679***

(3.9147)

−15.6995***

(3.71983)

MET: Tax price of machinery and equipment used for the purposes of RD

6.1961***

(2.0452)

9.8405***

(2.5432)

10.6221***

(2.5601)

CTR: Corporate income tax rate

−10.1205

(6.5736)

1.2133

(6.6631)

6.4756

(6.7381)

BST: Tax price buildings and structures used for the purposes of RD

0.000957

(0.001232)

0.004329***

(0.001254)

0.005202***

(0.001320)

PEP: Average year of data or the number of years covert by the study

2.2887***

(0.5128)

1.8027***

(0.4966)

NB: Number of observations

0.7794***

(0.1914)

BRD: Lagged Business enterprises expenditure in R&D

0.2173

(0.91464)

0.4362

(0.9081)