Strengths

- cost effectiveness,

- Good removal efficiency and better plant accommodation facilities.

- Planted floating bed systems effectively remove nutrients and increase dissolved oxygen (DO) and transparency in urban river water [54] .

- Show ability to remove organics, nutrients, heavy metals, and emerging trace pollutants such as antibiotics, pesticides, and hormones without land requirement [55] .

- Contribute to carbon sequestration.

- Systems movable can be deployed anywhere in the river.

- Provides refuge for birds, macroinvertebrates, and fish.

- Adaptability to a variety of environmental conditions [51] .

Weaknesses

- Chemical properties of water bodies can be affected by the floating rafts. Low dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions may occur in the water column under the floating wetland.

- Vulnerability of raft and buoyancy to strong waves which may seriously damage the structure.

- Risk that biomass accumulation may exceed the buoyancy provided by floating rafts.

- Water purification efficiency may be limited by the performance of plants and microorganisms.

- Oil contaminants if present in river water can damage the plant roots system.

Threats

- Risk to ecosystem integrity: for example, if invasive species were introduced by FTWs and other practices, these plants could form monotypes and significantly affect biodiversity, ecosystem function, and human uses of the affected environments [51] .

Opportunities

- Improve the raft stability and resistance to high water flow,

- Increase FTW processing capacity to accommodate large rivers.