Reference | Map locations | MPs concentration | Lower size limit for fractionation µm | Type of the WWTP | Retention/ Efficiency | Country | |
Lares et al., 2018 [143] | 1 | 1.05 particles/L | 250 | Primary and secondary | CAS 99%, MBR 99.4% | Finland | |
Magnusson and Norén, 2014 [112] | 2 | 0.00825 particles/L | 300 | Mechanical, chemical and biological treatment | 99.9% | Sweden | |
Dyachenko et al., 2017 [144] | 3 | 0.02 particles/L | 125 | Primary, secondary and tertiary | n.a. | USA | |
Mason et al., 2016 [114] | 4 | 0.05 particles/L | 125 | 17 WWTPs, Tertiary | n.a. | USA | |
Murphy et al., 2016 [117] | 5 | 0.25 particles/L | 11 | Primary and secondary | 98% | UK | |
Carr et al., 2016 [111] | 6 | 0.88 particles/m3 | 45 | Primary, secondary and tertiary | 99.9% | USA | |
Ziajahromi et al., 2017 [140] | 7 | 0.28 particles/L | 25 | Primary, secondary and tertiary | 92% - 99% | Australia | |
Ziajahromi et al., 2017 [140] | 7 | 0.48 particles/L | 25 | Primary and secondary | 89% | Australia | |
Ziajahromi et al., 2017 [140] | 7 | 1.54 particles/L | 25 | Primary | 66% | Australia | |
Michielssen et al., 2016 [115] | 8 | 0.5 to 5.9 particles/L (incl. all textile fibers) | 20 | 2 WWTPs: primary, secondary and tertiary | 95% - 99% | USA | |
Mintenig et al., 2014 and 2017 [116] [127] | 9 | 0.1 to 10.1 particles/L | 20 | 12 WWTPs: mostly secondary and tertiary | 97% | Germany | |
Talvitie et al., 2015 [118] | 10 | 13.5 particles/L (incl. all textile fibers) | 20 | Primary, secondary and tertiary | 97.6% | Finland | |
Talvitie et al., 2017 [109] | 10 | 0.005 to 0.3 particles/L | 20 | 4 tertiary WWTPs | 99% | Finland | |
Leslie et al., 2017 [33] | 11 | 9 to 91 particles/L | 0.7 | 7 WWTPs | 72% | Netherlands | |
Browne et al., 2011 [28] | 12 | 1 particles/L | (filtered) | Primary, secondary and tertiary | n.a. | Australia | |
Dris et al., 2015 [28] | 13 | 14 to 50 particles/L | 100 | Secondary | 83% - 95% | France | |
Carr et al., 2016 [111] | 14 | 90 particles/L | 90 - 300 | Primary, secondary and tertiary | 95% - 99% | USA | |
Talvitie and Heinonen 2014 [145] | 15 | 70 Particles/L | 20 | n.a | 95.6% | Russia | |
Gűndoğdu et al., 2018 [146] | 16 | 7.02 particles/L | n.a. | Secondary | 73% | Turkey (Seyhan) |