Reference

Map locations

MPs concentration

Lower size limit for fractionation µm

Type of the WWTP

Retention/ Efficiency

Country

Lares et al., 2018 [143]

1

1.05 particles/L

250

Primary and secondary

CAS 99%, MBR 99.4%

Finland

Magnusson and Norén, 2014 [112]

2

0.00825 particles/L

300

Mechanical, chemical and biological treatment

99.9%

Sweden

Dyachenko et al., 2017 [144]

3

0.02 particles/L

125

Primary, secondary and tertiary

n.a.

USA

Mason et al., 2016 [114]

4

0.05 particles/L

125

17 WWTPs, Tertiary

n.a.

USA

Murphy et al., 2016 [117]

5

0.25 particles/L

11

Primary and secondary

98%

UK

Carr et al., 2016 [111]

6

0.88 particles/m3

45

Primary, secondary and tertiary

99.9%

USA

Ziajahromi et al., 2017 [140]

7

0.28 particles/L

25

Primary, secondary and tertiary

92% - 99%

Australia

Ziajahromi et al., 2017 [140]

7

0.48 particles/L

25

Primary and secondary

89%

Australia

Ziajahromi et al., 2017 [140]

7

1.54 particles/L

25

Primary

66%

Australia

Michielssen et al., 2016 [115]

8

0.5 to 5.9 particles/L (incl. all textile fibers)

20

2 WWTPs: primary, secondary and tertiary

95% - 99%

USA

Mintenig et al., 2014 and 2017 [116] [127]

9

0.1 to 10.1 particles/L

20

12 WWTPs: mostly secondary and tertiary

97%

Germany

Talvitie et al., 2015 [118]

10

13.5 particles/L (incl. all textile fibers)

20

Primary, secondary and tertiary

97.6%

Finland

Talvitie et al., 2017 [109]

10

0.005 to 0.3 particles/L

20

4 tertiary WWTPs

99%

Finland

Leslie et al., 2017 [33]

11

9 to 91 particles/L

0.7

7 WWTPs

72%

Netherlands

Browne et al., 2011 [28]

12

1 particles/L

(filtered)

Primary, secondary and tertiary

n.a.

Australia

Dris et al., 2015 [28]

13

14 to 50 particles/L

100

Secondary

83% - 95%

France

Carr et al., 2016 [111]

14

90 particles/L

90 - 300

Primary, secondary and tertiary

95% - 99%

USA

Talvitie and Heinonen 2014 [145]

15

70 Particles/L

20

n.a

95.6%

Russia

Gűndoğdu et al., 2018 [146]

16

7.02 particles/L

n.a.

Secondary

73%

Turkey (Seyhan)