Reference | Matrix | Membrane type | Operation conditions | Micropollutants | Removal |
[15] | Secondary treatment effluent | RO (polyamide) | flow 1.3 m3∙h−1, 75% - 80% recovery, 0.4 - 0.6 bar | chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, bezafibrate, clofibric acid, gemfibrozil, diclofenac, indomethacine, ketoprofen, etc. | 50 - 90 |
MF/UF ZeeWeed1000 (PVDF) | flux 0.023 m3∙m−2∙h−1, 80.000 m3∙d−1 | ||||
[17] | MBR (FS) effluent// MBR (HF) effluent | RO, BW30-4040 (polyamide) | 15% recovery, 7.5 bar, permeate flow 7.2 m3∙h−1 | acetaminophen, ibuprofen, caffeine, nicotine, carbamazepine, diclofenac, triclosan, 4-octylphenol, 4-t-octylphenol, bisphenol A | 50 - 100 |
NF, NF90-4040 (polyamide) | 15% recovery, 5.5 bar, permeate flow 7.2 m3∙h−1 | ||||
MBR | hollow fiber | ||||
[18] | Second treatment effluent, ultrapure water | NF, NFX (polyamine) | cross-flow, flat sheet, 75% recovery, 2 - 10 bar | norfloxacin, ofloxacina, azithromycin, roxithromycin | >98 |
[19] | WWTP effluent | NF, NE40, NE70 e NE90 (polyamide) | 3∙5 bar, retention flow 0.030 m3∙h−1, 6 - 10.9 µm∙s−1 | acetaminophen, atenolol, carbamazepine, clopidogrel, diclofenac, dilantin, ibuprofen, iopromide, glimepiride, naxopren, sulfamethoxazole | 15 - 98 |
MBR polyvinylidene | hollow fiber | ||||
[20] | Synthetic water/NaOCl | NF, TFC-SR2, NF-270, NF90 | - | sulfamethoxazole, carbamazepine, ibuprofen | 5 - 100 |
RO, BW30 | permeate flux 0.054 m3∙m−2∙h−1; pH 4 - 10 | ||||
[21] | Second treatment effluent | NF, NTR 729HF (polyvinylalcohol/polyamide) | flat sheet, permeate flux 0.0485 m3∙m−2∙h−1, 4 bar | atenolol, caffeine, carbamazepine, diclofenac, gemfibrozil, naproxen, sulfamethoxazole, triclosan, trimethoprim | 99 |
[22] | Primary treatment effluent | RO, TW30-2540 e BW30-400 | 80% - 90% recovery, flow 22 - 45 m3∙h−1, 8.7 - 12 bar | Salycilic acid, ibupropheno, bisphenol A, diclofenac, cholesterol, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethazine, trimethoprim, erythromycin, clarithromycina, roxithromycin | 93 - 99 |
MBR, UF, ZeeWeed-1000 e ZeeWeed-500 | flux 0.01 - 0.047 m3∙m−2∙h−1, 0.06 - 0.24 bar | ||||
[23] | Primary treatment effluent | RO, TR70-4021 (polyamide) | 10 bar, flow 0.18 m3∙h−1 | codeine, carbamazepine, diazepam, ranitidine, azithromycin, clarithromycin, erithromycin, sulfamethoxazole, etc. | 99 |
MBR | retention time 12.5 h | ||||
[24] | MBR effluent | NF, NF90 e NF270 | 5 bar | carbamazepine e diatrizoate | 41 - 100 |
RO, XLE, BW30 e SW3O | 7 - 55 bar, concentrateflow 0.18 - 0.24 m3∙h−1, permeateflow 0.00004 - 0.0001 m3∙h−1 |