| Component | Young’s modulus (MPa) | Poisson ratio |
| Bone | Young’s modulus was estimated using Keyak et al.’s experimental formula | 0.4 |
| Ligaments |
|
|
| ALL | 20 | 0.3 |
| PLL | 20 | 0.3 |
| TL | 59 | 0.3 |
| CL | 33 | 0.3 |
| LF | 20 | 0.3 |
| ISL | 12 | 0.3 |
| SSL | 15 | 0.3 |
|
|
|
|
| Screw (titanium) | 110,000 | 0.28 |
| Rod (titanium) | 110,000 | 0.28 |
| Cage (PEEK) | 3600 | 0.25 |
| Annulus fibrosus | 50 | 0.45 |