Reference | Objectives | Main Results |
[26] | Membrane technology for bio-ethanol production | -A highly selective and energy-saving separation process, with ~15% lower costs in comparison to the batch process. |
[27] | Significant improvement of bio-ethanol recovery using a pervaporation (silicone rubber-coated membrane) | -The recovered ethanol concentration in the permeate was 67 wt%, and the amount of recovered ethanol from the broth was more than 10 times higher than when using a noncoated membrane. |
[28] | Pervaporative separation of bio-ethanol using a polydimethylsiloxane/polyetherimide composite hollow-fiber membrane | -Possible but dependent on the feed concentration and operating temperature for ethanol concentrations of 1% - 10%; -Relatively good pervaporation performance with a total flux of 231 - 252 g/m2h. |
[29] | Enhanced bio-ethanol production by pervaporation using a PDMS membrane bioreactor | -Increase of cell density, decreasing ethanol inhibition, improved productivity and yield, and resumption of clean and concentrated ethanol; -Ethanol productivity increased by 26.83% over conventional batch fermentation; -Ethanol concentration in permeated side was 6 to 7 times higher than that of the broth. |
[30] | Bio-ethanol recovery using the pervaporation separation technique | -Zeolite 13× filled CA membrane has the better pervaporation performance; -Application of CA membranes in industrial scale pervaporation units may be feasible for separation of ethanol/water mixtures; -Bio-ethanol can be produced economically (using distillation and pervaporation by hybrid systems). |
[31] | Membrane process opportunities and challenges in the bio-ethanol industry | -As a highly selective and energy-saving unit operation, membranes have a great potential in the bio-ethanol industry, both for starch-based and 2nd generation technology of bio-ethanol. |
[32] | Membrane technologies for biorefining and bioenergy production | -Pervaporation membrane bioreactors (PVMBRs) and membrane distillation bioreactors (MDBRs) lead to higher ethanol productivity and minimize the inhibition; -Membrane hybrid processes further improve biorefining and bioenergy production by decreasing energy consumption, reducing the number of processing steps, and producing high quality final products. |
[33] | Lignocellulosic ethanol through polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane | -Yeasts, solid particles, and salts can increase ethanol flux and selectivity; -Integrated process can effectively eliminate product inhibition, improve ethanol productivity, and enhance the glucose conversion rate. |
[34] | Energy demand of biofuel production applying distillation and/or pervaporation | -Multi-stage pervaporation is needed to reach the fuel-grade quality of the bio-ethanol. |