Variables

Type of test

No constant and no trend

With constant and no trend

With constant and trend

t-statistic

Probabilities

Decisions

E-CO₂

ADF

Yes

Yes

Yes

−7.58

0.00

I (I)

PP

No

No

No

−3.09

0.041

I (0)

KPSS

-

Yes

Yes

0.12

-

GDP-hab

ADF

Yes

Yes

Yes

−4.09

0.014

I (I)

PP

Yes

Yes

Yes

−4.74

0.09

I (I)

KPSS

-

Yes

Yes

0.12

-

GDP-hab2

ADF

Yes

Yes

Yes

−3.09

0.002

I (I)

PP

Yes

Yes

No

−3.94

0.004

I (I)

KPSS

-

Yes

Yes

0.11

-

OC

ADF

Yes

Yes

Yes

−6.56

0.00

I (I)

PP

Yes

Yes

Yes

−6.44

0.00

I (I)

KPSS

-

Yes

Yes

0.084

-

VA-AGR

ADF

Yes

Yes

Yes

−4.19

0.012

I (I)

PP

Yes

Yes

Yes

−6.02

0.00

I (I)

KPSS

-

No

Yes

0.10

-