11) Stear,

Prentice,

Jones, & Cole (2003)

Recruitment: V Setting: College Age: 17.3 (±0.3) Gender: F Area: Rural

Adherence: 8% attrition and

36% attendance

Intervention

activity: Gym class Intervention period: 15.5 months 3 × 45 minute classes per week

Physiological

Quantitative Pre-Post

Control group n = 56

Intervention group n = 75

Calcium supplementation and exercise significantly enhanced bone mineral status in adolescent girls. Supplement taking adherence 70% (±27). Exercise adherence 36 (±25). Stronger effects with increased compliance.

Ecological levels: Intrapersonal

12) Tully &

Cupples (2011)

Recruitment: V Setting: University Age: 21.6 (±6.17) Gender: F/M Area: Urban

Adherence: NR

Intervention

activity: Walking Intervention period: 6 weeks

Physiological

Quantitative Pre-Post

Control group n = 4

Intervention group n = 8

All intervention participants significantly increased their daily step count. No significant change in fitness or BMI. A daily target of 10,000 steps may be an appropriate intervention for sedentary university students.

Ecological levels: Intrapersonal

13) Epton,

Norman, Dadzie, Harris, Webb, Sheeran, Julious, Ciravegna,

Brennan, Meier, Naughton,

Petroczi, Kruger, & Shah (2014)

Recruitment: V Setting: University Age: 19 Gender: F/M Area: Urban Adherence:

23.4% attrition

Intervention

activity: Gym Intervention period: 6 months, October 2012-March 2013

Combined

Quantitative Pre-Post-

Follow-up

Control group

n = 709

Intervention group n = 736

Intervention reduced smoking rates. Small increase in fruit and vegetable intake, PA and alcohol consumption. No significant change in BMI for either group. Intervention engagement was slow.

Ecological levels: Intrapersonal Theoretical framework: Theory of planned behaviour

14) Hanson, Allin, Ellis, & Dodd-Reynolds (2013)

Recruitment: V (referral) Setting: Gym Age: 16 - 24 Gender: F/M Area: Rural Adherence:

57.1% attrition

Intervention

activity: Gym classes Intervention period: 24 weeks

Physiological

Quantitative Pre-Post

Significant increases in self-reported PA. BMI of 30+ at pre was a significant negative predictor of completion. Whole group-uptake was 81%, adherence 53.5%, completion 42.9%. 16 - 25 females Uptake, 66.7%; Adherence, 28.1% Completers, 21.9%.

Ecological levels: Intrapersonal Theoretical framework: Transtheoretical model

15) Bray,

Gyurcsik,

Culos-Reed, Dawson, &

Martin (2001)

Recruitment: V Setting: University (students and staff) Age: 20.6 (±2.2) Gender: F

Area: NR Adherence: 62.9% attendance

Intervention

activity: Aerobics classes Intervention period: 10 weeks

Psychological

Quantitative Pre-Post

Positive correlations between self-efficacy variables and proxy-efficacy. Self-efficacy and proxy-efficacy accounted for 34% of the variance in exercise attendance for class initiates. Proxy efficacy perceptions are related to self-efficacy.

Ecological levels: Intrapersonal Interpersonal

16) Beauchamp, Welch, & Hulley (2007)

Recruitment: V Setting: University Age: 25.36 (±8.48) Gender: F Area: Urban

Adherence: NR

Intervention

activity: Gym classes Intervention period: 10 weeks

Psychological

Quantitative

Leadership style didn’t affect experienced exercisers. For exercise initiates, contingent reward behaviours explained variation in scheduling and barrier efficacy, but not within-class self-efficacy. Exercise initiates had lower levels of self-efficacy in all 3 types.

Ecological levels: Intrapersonal Interpersonal