Ziajahromi et al., 2021 [128]

n.a

22.1 × 106 to 133 × 106 per day

>25 µm

n.a

99.8% - 98.2%

Visual Observation

and FT-IR

Australia

Wei et al., 2020

[129]

430 - 2154 MP/m3.

430 - 2154 MP/m3

0.0308 - 0.1 mm

RD-WWTFs

84%

Micro-Raman spectroscopic

China

(Hangzhou)

Petroody et al., 2020 [130]

12,667 MP/m3

12667 ± 668,

3514 ± 543 and 423 ± 44.9 MP/m3

37 - 500 µm

n.a

96.7%

Visual Observation and Micro-Raman spectrometry

Iran

(Sari)

Edo et al, 2020

[109]

n.a

12.8 ± 6.3 MP/L

25 to 104 µm

Primary and secondary

>90%

Visual inspection and FT-IR

Spain

(Madrid)

Ben-David et al., 2021 [131]

28.28 MP/L

1.97 MP/L

≥20 μm

Primary, Secondary and tertiary

97%

optical microscopy, SEM and μ-Raman microscopy

Israel

(Karmiel)

Tagg et al., 2020 [117]

n.a

1.5 MP/L

392 μm

Primary, Secondary and tertiary

76.9%

micro-FT-IR

UK

(East Midlands)

Akarsu et al., 2020

[132]

1.1 and 3.6 MP/L

0.9 MP/L

1057 and 1095

Primary, Secondary and tertiary

55% - 97%

FT-IR

Turkey

Mersin Bay

Bayo et al., 2020

[110]

15.70 MP/L 

13.04 MP/L

400 to 600 μm

Primary

90.3%

Visual inspection and FT-IR

Spain

(Cartagena)

Naji et al., 2021

[133]

74 (±11.01, SD)

and 67 (±18.35, SD) MP 35/L

70.66 MP/L

> 250 mm

Primary and secondary

n.a

SEM and X-ray EDX

Iran

(Bandar Abbas City)

Tang et al., 2021

[136]

23.3 MP/L and 80.5 MP/L

23.3 to 7.9 MP/L

0.636 to 0.803

Primary and secondary

66.1% and 62.7%,

Raman spectroscopy

China

(Wuhan City)

Park et al., 2020 [137]

10 to 470 MP/L

10 to 470 MP/L

45 μm to 5 mm

Primary, Secondary and tertiary

98.7% - 99.99%

FT-IR

Korea

Rajala et al., 2020

[138]

n.a

0.1 mg/L, 6.7 mg/L (used)

1 μm and 6.3 μm

Secondary

99.4%

coagulation/ flocculation

Finland

Nguyen et al., 2021 [139]

n.a

n.a

>45 μm

Primary, Secondary and tertiary

80%

Microscopic and FT-IR

Korea

(Seoul)

Alvim et al., 2020

[140]

n.a

11.1 MP/L

<1 mm

Primary, Secondary

n.a

Visual/ µ-ATR-FTIR

Spain

(Valencia)

Yuan et al., 2020

[141]

n.a

10.30 MP/L, 6.10 MP/L

141 to 665 μm

Primary, Secondary and tertiary

97.67% and 98.46%

n.a

China

(Nanjing)

Pittura et al., 2021 [142]

(12,170,000 MP/h) 3.6 MP/L

1,730,000 MP/h

<1 mm

Primary, Secondary

94%

Stereomicroscope and µ FT-IR

Italy

Zou et al., 2020 al.

[143]

n.a

1.719 ± 1.035 MP/L

n.a

n.a

n.a

n.a

China (Guangzhou)

Mak et al., 2020

[134]

n.a

10,816 MP/m3

90 to 189 μm

Primary, Secondary

86.4%

Hong Kong

(Victoria Harbor)