Sample

Calcium (µg/g)

Chromium (µg/g)

Nickel (µg/g)

Zinc (µg/g)

Author/Year

Country

Snuff

9.7 - 12.6

24.1 - 33.3

41 - 69

153 - 172

This study

Nigeria

Leaves

10.7 - 14.9

34.5 - 37.0

41 - 56

167 - 183

This study

Nigeria

Leaves

8.6 - 9.5

2.7 - 3.6

154 - 193

Adamu et al., 1989

USA

Cigarettes

9.1 - 3.7

2.1 - 161.6

Golil et al., 2007

Greece

Cigarettes

0.2 - 6.1

0.0 - 5.6

1.8 - 2.7

0.9 - 9.2

Stephens et al., 2005

UK

Cigarettes

-

2.0 - 400

Iskander et al., 1986

USA

Cigarettes

0.0 - 6.8

Lugan-Moulin et al., 2006

Several countries

Snuff

1.1 - 1.7

1.6 - 2.9

Pappas et al., 2008

Alaska

Leaves

0.9 - 2.0

0.4 - 0.7

Pappas et al., 2007

Alaska

Snuff

3.6 - 3.7

0.2 - 0.3

0.0 - 0.5

22.5 - 25.5

Akpoveta et al., 2011

Nigeria

Snuff

1.7 - 3.2

1.0 - 1.2

Addo et al., 2011

Ghana

Leaves

0 - 77

Fusun et al., 2013

Turkey