| Case study area | Characteristics | Sampling area (sub-districts) | No. of respondents | Land subsidence rate | Land subsidence triggers | Land subsidence impacts |
| Jakarta (urban and coastal area) | One of the world’s megacities Population density: 15,052 people/km2 Annual population growth: 1.11% | Cengkareng, Penjaringan, Tanjung Priok | 90 | 1 - 15 cm/year; in some areas 25 - 28 cm/year [3] | Groundwater extraction, construction load, natural consolidation [3] | Cracking of permanent infrastructure, expansion of inundated areas, increasing inland seawater intrusion [3] |
| Semarang City (coastal area) | Located on an alluvial plain Population density: 4373 people/km2 Annual population growth: 1.71% | Genuk, Semarang Utara, Tanjung Mas, Tugu | 124 | 8 - 13.5 cm/year [7] [40] | Groundwater extraction, alluvium soil consolidation, construction load [2] | Damage to urban infrastructures, coastal inundation [2] |
| Indragiri Hilir (peatland area) | Intensive expansion of oil and coconut palms Population density: 60 people/km2 Annual population growth: 1.92% | Enok, Tembilahan, Tembilahan Hulu, Batang Tuaka, Tempuling | 116 | 4 - 6 cm/year [20] | Intensive agricultural activities―mainly oil and coconut palm [23] | Damage to houses, infrastructures and plantation areas [20] |