| Parameters | Approaches | ||
| Hybrid TLBO-PSO [Proposed] | TLBO [1] | PSO [8] | |
| Congestion cost ($/h) | 1347.5 | 5306.5 | 5335.5 |
| ΔPG1 | +71.0241 | −8.5876 | NR |
| ΔPG2 | −15.9882 | +75.65 | NR |
| ΔPG3 | −7.1258 | +0.012 | NR |
| ΔPG4 | −5.5115 | +34.357 | NR |
| ΔPG5 | −23.2332 | +31.4791 | NR |
| ΔPG6 | −17.1719 | +17.83 | NR |
| Total power rescheduled (MW) | 140.0547 | 168.088 | 168.03 |