Function of grid storage | Grid central storage (Country) | Distribution grid storage (City) | Customer end Storage (House hold) |
Balancing demand and supply | Seasonal/weekly fluctuations Large geographical unbalances Strong variability of wind and solar (electricity and gas storage need to be integrated) | Daily/hourly variations Peak shaving (electricity and heat/cold storage need to be integrated) | Daily variations (electricity and heat/cold storage need to be integrated) |
Grid management | Voltage and frequency regulation Complement to classic power plants for peak generation Participate in balancing markets Cross-order trading | Voltage and frequency regulation Substitute existing ancillary services (at lower CO2) Participate in balancing markets | Aggregation of small storage systems providing grid services |
Energy Efficiency | Better efficiency of the global mix, with time shift of off-peak into peak energy | Demand side management Interactions grid end user | Local production and consumption Behavior change Increase value of PV and local wind Efficient buildings Integration with district heating/cooling and CHP |