Citation

Year

Type

System

Dimensions

Location

Ayompe et al. [3]

2011

FPC

Forced circulation; 300 L water tank

AS = 4 m2 12 mm copper pipe

Dublin, Ireland

Ayompe et al. [3]

2011

ETC

Forced circulation; 300 L water tank

AS = 3 m2 30 tubes

Dublin, Ireland

Chaichana et al. [4]

2010

FPC

Comparison to solar-boosted heat pump; 300 L water tank

AS = 2 m2

Lampang, Thailand

Gang et al. [5]

2011

FPC

FPC as first stage of water heating process; R123 working fluid.

AS = 2 m2

Hefei City, China

Yang et al. [6]

2015

ETC

Novel manifold header used to improveΔT

AS = 4.97 m2

Nanchang, Jiangxi

Manek et al. [7]

2016

ETC

Booster mirrors used to improve ΔT

1.5 m Length

Present Work

2018

FPC and ETC

Hybrid system; Forced circulation

AS = 1.16 m2

Portland, Oregon