Variable | Mean | Standard deviation | |
Academic literacy | 3.42 | 0.57 | |
Academic awareness | 3.43 | 0.70 | |
Academic knowledge | 3.28 | 0.68 | |
Academic ability | Resource acquisition ability | 3.29 | 1.00 |
Research process design ability | 3.51 | 1.00 | |
Academic normalization | 3.47 | 1.50 | |
Total | 3.43 | 1.62 | |
Academic ethics | 3.53 | 0.69 |