Variable

Mean

Standard deviation

Academic literacy

3.42

0.57

Academic awareness

3.43

0.70

Academic knowledge

3.28

0.68

Academic ability

Resource acquisition ability

3.29

1.00

Research process design ability

3.51

1.00

Academic normalization

3.47

1.50

Total

3.43

1.62

Academic ethics

3.53

0.69