Solar cell, module | Structure | Efficiency (%) | Temperature Coefficient (%/°C) | Reference |
Si cell | PERC | 22.3 | −0.35 | 24 |
SHJ | 25.1 | −0.25 | 24 | |
Si module | Multi-crystal | 17.2 | −0.45 | 30 |
PERC | 20.7 | −0.36 | 30 | |
IBC | 22.1 | −0.3 | 26 | |
SHJ | 225 23.8 | −0.28 −0.258 | 27 25 | |
GaAs cell | LPE-grown heteroface | 22.6 | −0.24 | 22 |
MOVPE-grown double hetero | 27.4 | −0.18 | 8 | |
GaAs module | MOVPE-grown double hetero | 25.1 | −0.23 | 8 |
2-junction cell | MOVPE-grown GaInP/InGaAs | 24 | −0.257 | 23 |
3-junction cell | MOVPE-grown GaInP/InGaAs/Ge | 25.7 | −0.337 | 23 |
MOVPE-grown GaInP/InGaAs /InGaAs | 31.3 35.4 | −0.232 −0.191 | 8 8 |