Solar cell,

module

Structure

Efficiency (%)

Temperature

Coefficient (%/°C)

Reference

Si cell

PERC

22.3

−0.35

24

SHJ

25.1

−0.25

24

Si

module

Multi-crystal

17.2

−0.45

30

PERC

20.7

−0.36

30

IBC

22.1

−0.3

26

SHJ

225

23.8

−0.28

−0.258

27

25

GaAs cell

LPE-grown

heteroface

22.6

−0.24

22

MOVPE-grown

double hetero

27.4

−0.18

8

GaAs

module

MOVPE-grown double hetero

25.1

−0.23

8

2-junction cell

MOVPE-grown

GaInP/InGaAs

24

−0.257

23

3-junction cell

MOVPE-grown

GaInP/InGaAs/Ge

25.7

−0.337

23

MOVPE-grown

GaInP/InGaAs

/InGaAs

31.3

35.4

−0.232

−0.191

8

8