Year

1940s

1960s

1976

2003

2014

compensators

PPFs

SVCs

APFs

HAPFs

TCLC-HAPFs

Compensation range

Narrow

Wide

Wide

Narrow

Wide

Harmonics compensation

Normal

Poor

Good

Good

Good

Cost

Lowest

Low

High

Normal

Normal

reliability

high

High

Low

Normal

Normal

Switching loss

Low

Low

high

Normal

Normal

Tracking performance

poor

Poor

Good

Poor

Good