Electrochemical Disinfection (ED) Tools

Oxidants

Electric Field (EF)

Oxidative stress and cell loss of life.

1) Irreversible permeabilization of cell membranes.

2) Electrochemical oxidation of vital cellular constituents.

3) Electrosorption of negatively charged bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli cells) to the anode surface + direct electron transfer reaction.