Vector/attenuation or complementation

Antigen/target

Animal model/ Inoculation route

Detected immune response/indicator

References

Lactobacillus plantarum

H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV)

Mouse/Oral

IgG, sIgA, CD4+, CD8+ T cell proliferation, IgA, and IFN-γ+

[29] [78]

Staphylococcus aureus

Mouse/Oral

sIgA, IFN-γ/IL-4

[45] [133]

Listeria monocytogenes

Mouse/Oral

IgG, IL-10 and IL-12

[46]

E. coli

Mouse/Oral

SIgA, IFN-, IL-12, TNF_, and IL-6

[91]

Parvovirus

Mouse/Oral

CD11c+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, sIgA and IgG

[34]

Lactobacillus rhamnosus

S. aureus, S. typhimurium, and E. coli, inflammatory damage

Mouse/Oral

proinflammatory cytokines IL-8,TNF-α, IL-12p70, IL-6 and IL-1β, CD3+CD4+IFN-γ+, and CD3+CD4+IL-10+ T cells

[45] [98] [99]

human rhinovirus

Gnotobiotic pigs/Oral

CD4+T-bet+IFNγ+ T cells

[134]

Lactobacillus johnsonii

indigestion, abdominal pain

human

Th1 cells (CD45RO+CD183+CD196) and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells

[109] [112]

Lactobacillus reuteri

food allergy

Mouse/Oral

IgE, Th 1 and 2, IFN-c and IL-4, IFN-c, GATA3 and T-bet IL-10, TGF-b and Foxp3, IL-10-CD11c+CD103+

[123]

Lactobacillus acidophilus

Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Mouse/Oral

IgA, IL-12, IL-8, IL-6, and IL-1,

[94]