| Stone Size |
| Therapy | Potential Complication |
| Renal Stones |
|
|
|
|
| <1 - 1.5 cm | SWL | Inadequate fragmentation, retained fragments renal Injury, hematuria, transient hypertension |
|
| 1.5 - 2.0 cm | URS/SWL |
|
|
| >2.0 cm | PCNL | Inadequate fragmentation, retained fragments bleeding, damage other organs (lung, colon, spleen, pancreas) |
| Ureteral Stones |
|
|
|
| Upper Ureter |
|
|
|
|
| <1 cm | SWL |
|
|
| >1 cm | URS | Infection, bleeding, mucosal irritation ureteral perforation or avulsion, retained and/or migrated fragments, ureteral stricture formation |
| Lower | All | URS | As above |