Variable

Model 1 (atmosphere→ academic engagement)

Model 2 (atmosphere→ health concern)

Model 3

(health concerns→ academic engagement)

Model 4 (atmosphere, health concerns→academic engagement)

B

Exp (B)

B

β

B

Exp(B)

B

Exp (B)

(Constant)

0.548

1.730

25.412***

2.053

7.794

1.601

4.956

Yellow dust intensity

0.405*

0.667

1.285*

0.118

−0.313

0.732

Amount of rainfall (monsoon)

0.503**

1.654

−0.611

−0.066

0.436*

1.547

Parents-students: Open comm.

−0.376**

0.686

0.166

0.024

−0.325*

0.722

−0.352*

0.703

Parents-students: Problematic comm.

−0.029

0.972

1.686***

0.235

0.096

1.100

0.052

1.054

Students’ concerns about their health

0.051**

0.951

0.046*

0.955

df = 4

−2Log likelihood = 337.042

X² = 24.152***

Cox & Snell R² = 0.070

Overall Percentage = 77.0%

F = 5.475 R² = 0.064 Adj. R² = 0.053

df = 3

−2Log likelihood = 332.188

X² = 18.419***

Cox & Snell R² = 0.055

Overall Percentage = 76.9%

df = 5

−2Log likelihood = 323.631

X² = 26.976***

Cox & Snell R² = 0.080

Overall Percentage = 76.2%