| Variables | Healthy controls | T2D patients | P-value |
| N | 142 | 142 |
|
| Age (years) | 46.0 ± 7.94 | 54.0 ± 8.29 | <0.0001 |
| Sex: male/female | 51 (35.9)/91 (64.1) | 63 (44.4)/78 (54.9) |
|
| Weight (kg) | 71.12 ± 10.67 | 69.61 ± 13.83 | <0.0001 |
| Height (cm) | 164.57 ± 8.47 | 159.97 ± 10.04 | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.31 ± 3.95 | 27.21 ± 4.94 | 0.008 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 115.28 ± 13.11 | 128.80 ± 20.92 | <0.0001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 70.45 ± 9.02 | 79.47 ± 9.90 | <0.0001 |
| BMI classification: Normal weight Overweight Obese |
65 (45.8) 57 (40.1) 20 (14.1) |
52 (36.6) 55 (38.7) 35 (24.6) |
|
| History of hypertension: Yes/no |
9 (6.3)/133 (93.7) |
45 (31.7)/97 (68.3) |
|
| Smoking status: Never Smoker Current Smoker Former Smoker |
142 (100) 0 (0) 0 (0) |
131 (92.3) 6 (4.2) 5 (3.5) |
|
| FBG (mmol/L) | 5.18 ± 0.91 | 8.91 ± 2.89 | <0.0001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.70 ± 0.77 | 5.16 ± 1.20 | <0.0001 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.24 ± 0.37 | 1.16 ± 0.42 | 0.097 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.67 ± 0.42 | 1.57 ± 0.34 | 0.021 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.77 ± 0.80 | 3.35 ± 1.17 | 0.001 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 13.1 (8.37 - 19.3) | 11.6 (7.3 - 16.8) | 0.07 |
| AST (IU/L) | 21.2 (17.8 - 28.7) | 16.4 (13.3 - 21.7) | 0.001 |
| GGT (IU/L) | 25.1 (16.8 - 34.7) | 29.2 (18.4 - 49.7) | <0.0001 |