Outcome

Diabetic group

(N = 126) (%)

Control group

(N = 126) (%)

OR (95%CI)

P-value

Caesarean section

Preeclampsia

Polyhydramnious

Shoulder dystocia

Preterm delivery

Congenital malformation

Stillbirth

Early neonatal death

Macrosomia

APGAR score < 7 at 5th min

Neonatal hypoglycemia

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

86 (68.3)

34 (26.9)

26 (20.6)

12 (9.5)

23 (18.3)

14 (11.1)

32 (25.4)

8 (6.3)

79 (62.7)

15 (11.9)

56 (44.4)

28 (22.2)

23 (18.3)

28 (22.2)

13 (10.3)

8 (6.3)

19 (15.1)

8 (6.3)

21 (16.7)

6 (4.8)

43 (34.1)

14 (11.1)

10 (7.9)

7 (5.6)

9.6 (5.35 - 17.32)

1.3 (0.73 - 2.29)

2.2 (1.10 - 4.63)

1.6 (0.61 - 3.94)

1.2 (0.65 - 2.45)

1.8 (0.74 - 4.56)

1.7 (0.92 - 3.15)

1.4 (0.46 - 4.03)

3.2 (1.94 - 5.43)

1.1 (0.49 - 2.34)

9.3 (4.45 - 19.36)

4.9 (2.03 - 11.59)

<0.0001

0.38

0.02

0.35

0.49

0.18

0.09

0.58

<0.0001

0.84

<0.0001

0.0001