Probe

Detection principle

Detection range (μM)

Detection limit (μM)

Refs.

MoS2 quantum dots

Ratiometric fluorescence sensor

0.5 - 70

0.29

[19]

MOF and quantum dots

Ratiometric fluorescence sensor

0 - 50

0.15

[20]

Gold nanoparticles

Fluorescence enhancement

0.0635 - 0.35

0.000408

[21]

Carbon dots

Fluorescence quenching

0.04 - 12

0.01

[22]

Fe3O4@SiO2-AuNCs

Fluorescence decreasement

0.01 - 0.5

0.004

[23]

Gold nanoparticles

Fluorescence switch sensor

10 - 120

0.000198

[24]

CdTe quantum dots

Fluorescence quenching

0.2 - 3.2

0.08

[25]

Nitrogen-doped carbon dots

Hybrid nano-sensors

0.001 - 0.064

0.00067

[26]

MIP microspheres

MIP sensors

0.0657 - 39.42

0.0197

[27]

CDots and AuNCs

Ratiometric fluorescence sensor

0 - 30.22

0.054

This work