Parameter measured

Name

Size

Response time

Range (MPa)

Compatibility with testing equipment

Suction

Tensiometers (agriculture)

The smallest are 5 mm diameter pipes, 10 cm long

Minutes

0.1 to 0.8

Too long

Tensiometers

Cylinders 1 cm diameter 2 cm height, plus cables

Minutes

0.5 to 1.8

Placed in the top or bottom of the cells

Water content or soil moisture (weight or volume of water present in a given volume of soil)

Filter paper

Small pieces of paper cut with variable dimensions

Months

0 to 1000

Can be placed inside soil samples but do not allow continuous measurements

Gypsum blocks

Cylinders 1 cm diameter 2 cm height, plus cables

24 hours

0 to 0.2

Placed in the top or bottom of the cells

Electromagnetic sensors: Frequency Domain Reflectometer (FDR) and Time Domain Reflectometer (TDR) probes

Two metallic needles, 2 to 10 cm long, plus cables

Minutes

Depends on soil type, in general 0 - 1.5

Too long

Electrical resistive sensors

Plates (5 mm large and 5 cm long are the smallest) or disks (2 cm diameter) with variable dimensions. Thickness is 2 to 3 mm

Minutes

Depends on soil type, in general 0 - 1.5

Too large

Thermal sensors

Like the resistive sensors

Minutes

Depends on soil type, in general 0 - 1.5

Too large, dry the soil

Relative humidity (RH)

Resistive and thermal sensors

Like the water content resistivity and thermal sensors. The difference is mainly in the output provided by the equipment

Minutes

Depends on soil type, in general 0 to 200 in theory, RH between 0% and 100%

Too large or too long