Cerebral cortex	Chronic alcohol exposure on GD 10 to 21 in rats, and throughout gestation in mice and rats	Second and third trimesters	Delayed pyramidal neurons migration and cortical stratification, thinning and Heterotopias in the cerebral cortex, altered development of the frontal lobe and impaired functional connectivity in the mPFC	Information integration and processing disorders, impaired executive functions	Miller 1993 [56] ; Fukui and Sakata-Haga 2009 [38] ; Tang et al. 2019 [40]	In utero alcohol exposure	Preadole- scent children with FASD	Smaller volume of grey matter, thinner cortex, reduced functional connectivity between cortical and deep grey matter structures	Impaired executive function with cognitive/ behavioral deficits	Donald et al., 2015 [26] ; Robertson et al. 2016 [52] ; Kingdon et al. 2016 [14] ; Rice and Gu 2019 [28]
Lateral ventricule	Chronic alcohol exposure on GD 10 to 21 in rats; Binge-like exposure from GD12 to 15	Second trimester	Dilation of the lateral ventricles, hypoplasia of the septum	Hydrocephalus	Sakata-Haga et al. 2004 [37] ; Sudheendran et al. 2013 [47]	Binge-like exposure during pregnancy	Gestational age: 5 - 12 weeks.	Abnormalities in the formation of the lateral ventricle walls; ventriculo-megaly	?	Konovalov et al. (1997) [215] ; Lebel et al. (2011) [203]
Corpus callosum	Binge model of early prenatal alcohol exposure in sheep	First trimester	Loosely bundled corpus callosum; enhanced corpus callosum and optic radiation white matter	Impaired information processing	Watari et al. 2006 [210] ;	Prenatal alcohol exposure	Under 5 years to adulthood	Alterations in the shape and volume of the corpus callosum, corpus callosum atrophy	Impaired executive function, visual and logical memories	Bookstein et al. 2002 [30] ; Donald et al. 2015 [26] ;
Hypothalamic- pituitary adrenal axis	Binge-like prenatal ethanol exposure on GD7 in mice	Second trimester	Elevated corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels	Increased anxiety-like behavior	Wieczorek et al. 2015 [214]	_	_	_	_	_
Hippocampus	Binge alcohol exposure on GD 10 to 21 in rats/on P1 throughout P8 in mice and rat	Second and third trimester	Aberrant distribution of mossy fibers, apoptosis, more cornered and ectopic pyramidal cells in the hippocampus in CA1, CA3 and GD	Defect of spatial memory	Bâ et al. 1999 [1] ; Sakata- Haga et al. 2003 [41] ; Smith et al. 2015 [76]	Binge-like drinking throughout pregnancy	Children with FASD	Small hippocampi; hippocampus more deformed at the head and tail	Cognitive deficits	Autti-Rämö et al. 2002 [23] ; Joseph et al., 2014 [180] ; Glass et al. 2014 [24] ; Cardenas et al. 2014 [25]
Cerebellum	Chronic alcohol exposure on GD 10 to 21 in rats/ P4-9 in mice	Second and third trimester	Fusion of cerebellar folia and disruption of the cortical structure, losses of Purkinje and granule cells	Delayed motor development and ataxia	Sakata-Haga et al. 2001 [36] ; Fukui and Sakata-Haga 2009 [38]	Prenatal alcohol exposure	Children (13 years)	Smaller cerebellar volumes; hypoplastic cerebellar hemispheres	Impaired basic fine motor skills, attention deficits	Autti-Rämö et al. 2002 [23] ; Cardenas et al. 2014 [25] ; Donald et al., 2015 [26] .
Brain weight	Binge-like alcohol exposure on postnatal day (PD) 4 trough 10 in rats	Third trimester	Reduced weight of the whole brain, forebrain, and cerebellum	Microencephaly and related disorders	Bonthius and West 1988 [32]	Binge-like drinking during first, second, and third trimesters	Infants	Reduced brain weight, reduced brain volume, reductions in frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes.	Microencephaly and related disorders	Lebel et al. (2011) [203] ; Feldman et al., 2012 [204] .