Criteria

Description

1

Positive diagnosis of influenza

Virus antigen and nucleic acid, virus isolation

2

Clinical manifestations

Convulsions, rapid cognitive impairment, mental changes, ADOC, and coma

3

Laboratory

CSF-protein level is increased (>0.4 g/L); Serum ALT/AST/LDH/CK are increased to varying degrees; Without hyperammonia and hypoglycemia

4

Brain imaging

Symmetrical multiple lesions including thalamus; can involve the upper brainstem cover, white matter around the lateral ventricle, cerebellar medulla, inner capsule, putamen, and other areas of the center

5

Unexplained brain dysfunction

Diagnosis according to clinical manifestations: overwhelming bacterial and viral infections, fulminant hepatitis, toxic shock, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, Reye’s syndrome, heat stroke and encephalopathy syndrome

Diagnosis based on imaging examination: subacute necrotizing encephalopathy, glutaric acidemia, infantile striatal necrosis, Wernicke’s encephalopathy, carbon monoxide poisoning, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), acute necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalopathy and others types of encephalitis and vasculitis