| Criteria | Description |
1 | Positive diagnosis of influenza | Virus antigen and nucleic acid, virus isolation |
2 | Clinical manifestations | Convulsions, rapid cognitive impairment, mental changes, ADOC, and coma |
3 | Laboratory | CSF-protein level is increased (>0.4 g/L); Serum ALT/AST/LDH/CK are increased to varying degrees; Without hyperammonia and hypoglycemia |
4 | Brain imaging | Symmetrical multiple lesions including thalamus; can involve the upper brainstem cover, white matter around the lateral ventricle, cerebellar medulla, inner capsule, putamen, and other areas of the center |
5 | Unexplained brain dysfunction | Diagnosis according to clinical manifestations: overwhelming bacterial and viral infections, fulminant hepatitis, toxic shock, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, Reye’s syndrome, heat stroke and encephalopathy syndrome Diagnosis based on imaging examination: subacute necrotizing encephalopathy, glutaric acidemia, infantile striatal necrosis, Wernicke’s encephalopathy, carbon monoxide poisoning, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), acute necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalopathy and others types of encephalitis and vasculitis |