| social structure | politics | China | year | Israel | year |
| 1. tribe | decentralized hierarchical tribalism politics |
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| first legendary leader |
| Huang Di | 2711-2598 BC | Moses | 1527-1407 BC |
| first real period |
| Xia | 2070-1600 BC | Judges | 1380-1045 BC |
| last period’s end |
| Zhou | 221BC | Judah | 587 BC |
| 2. mega empire | centralized top-down thinking politics |
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| first leader |
| Qin Shi Huang | 221 BC | Yahweh and prophets | 587 BC |
| first period |
| Qi | 221-206 BC | Kingdom of Yahweh | 587 BC-1947 AD |
| last period’s end |
| Qing | 1912 AD | Kingdom of Yahweh | 1947 AD |
| 3. modern nation | multilateral bottom-up thinking politics |
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| first period |
| Republic of China | 1912 AD | State of Israel | 1947 AD |
| second period |
| People Republic of China | 1949 AD |
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