controllable language

animals

language components

syntax-grammar

intermediate gestural language

great apes, early hominins, early Homos

few symbols (gestural attention getters) + many icons (gestural intention signals)

no

advanced gestural language

middle and late Homos

many symbols + few icons + iconic language as prosody

yes

intermediate vocal language

songbirds, cetaceans, early hominins, early Homos, middle Homos

locator as symbolic language + vocal show as iconic language

no

advanced vocal language

late Homos

symbolic language + iconic language as prosody

yes