controllable language | animals | language components | syntax-grammar |
intermediate gestural language | great apes, early hominins, early Homos | few symbols (gestural attention getters) + many icons (gestural intention signals) | no |
advanced gestural language | middle and late Homos | many symbols + few icons + iconic language as prosody | yes |
intermediate vocal language | songbirds, cetaceans, early hominins, early Homos, middle Homos | locator as symbolic language + vocal show as iconic language | no |
advanced vocal language | late Homos | symbolic language + iconic language as prosody | yes |